Ian Pepper, University of Arizona, USA
(free)
Regulated via 40 CFR Part 503 Federal Regs (1993)
Biosolids designated as Class A or Class B
7 million dry metric tons produced annually
Land application accounts for 60% of the biosolids
o 28% Class A
o 29% Class B
o 43% unknown
Major current issue = PFAS
POLY- AND PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS (PFAS)
Formerly called “perfluorinated compounds” (“PFCs”)
Family of anthropogenic chemicals used for decades to make products resistant to heat, oil stains, grease and water
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) most prevalent PFCs in the U.S.
Regarded by EPA as “emerging contaminants”
Aqua Enviro Ltd
T: 0113 8730728
c/o Tidal Accounting, HQ Offices, Radley House, Richardshaw Road, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS28 6LE